The Health Care System Is Very Poor - 708 Words

One of the most direction giving experiences this past semester was meeting Deogratias Niyizonkiza. He is known for his healthcare facility Village Health Works, located in his home country of Burundi. A non-profit organization, the facility treats all who come. As I spoke to him, his passion for helping and healing those without resources, resounded in me. He saw a need in his home country, and left an easier life in America to fix it. Speaking to him, cemented my goal and desire to enter medical school and work toward fixing health care disparities. In Nigeria, the health-care system is very poor. As a Nigerian, this issue troubles me. My goal one day would be to reduce the extreme health-care disparity found in my home country. Wealthy Nigerians fly to Western countries to be treated, while those who cannot afford to suffer from even simple illnesses. My mother s childhood friend passed away just a month ago from an upper respiratory infection. Here in America, an upper respirato ry infection will rarely cause death in a young person if properly treated. A person passing away from inadequate health resources is so commonplace in Nigeria, that when it occurs, it does not even cause outrage. It is one thing to be aware of a health-care disparity; it is another to experience it personally. Instead of just seeing numbers on paper, or hearing startling stories over the phone, you are living a frightening reality. I went to Nigeria during the winter of 2010-2011. It was myShow MoreRelatedSingapore And Nigeria s Health Care System Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, both poor and wealthy, access to care is crucial to one’s health. Throughout this paper both Singapore and Nigeria will be compared to each other based their access to care for the entire population and the impact on the society the countries make. 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According to the studies, during the past 10 years healthcare has made a drastic change in developing countries. The concept of health has been described as injustice, unfair, and unavoidable. In the research, the inequalities in health of the developing status show to be related to income and other socio-economic factors. In the articles presented in this essay mentions the lack of attention health care that is provided in most developing countriesRead MoreSociology of Medicine982 Words   |  4 Pages371 11/6/2013 Necessary health care in America Finding issues with in the American healthcare system is not a very difficult task. But figuring out how these problems came about takes us on another road through the history of the American healthcare system, and allows us to see how we got to our current system. A few things we will be looking at what are some of the most disruptive problems in Americas system, hat other countries do that make their health care system work well, and what areRead MoreNicaragu A Democratic System1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe median age of Nicaraguans is 15 because of the number of adult lives lost in the hurricane of 1998 and the Sandinistas revolution of 1979. Wealth in Nicaragua is measured by how much land a person owns. The Nicaraguan government system is modeled as a democratic system like the United States. The Nicaraguan government is divided into three branches like the US: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. Each branch has the same function as the branches in the United Sta tes. Being one of CentralRead MoreHealth Care System Is Experiencing A Vital Crisis1432 Words   |  6 PagesCurrently in the United States, the health care system is experiencing a vital crisis. 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Furthermore, the re are another reasons for this, for example lack of facilities and equipment to do operation or surgery and also can be low income cause some people tend to stay at homeRead MoreThe United States Health Care System878 Words   |  4 PagesStates health care system is highly complex. While Japan s health care system offers a national health care plan to all citizens and all costs and regulated through the government. This essay will discuss the different health care systems found within the United States and Japan, and whether the two countries have adequately established a health care system that positively benefits the health of all citizens, while keeping the cost of medical care at a reasonable rate. The United States health careRead MoreAssignment 11209 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to my experiences, as an Indonesian, I lived in the city, so the health quality and services are more available for everyone. However, if I compare between city and country side, I can see much difference between them. In the country side, many people suffer and died from inadequate of health care systems. Furthermore, there are another reasons for this, for example lack of facilities and equipment to do operation or surgery and also can be low income cause some people tend to stay at homeRead MoreHealth Care Systems For Every Country1042 Words   |  5 Pages Health care systems are institutions and resources whose main purpose is to improve health. There are different health care systems for every country. The United Kingdom (U.K) has a universal health care that is called the National Health Service (NHS). In the U.K everyone that is a resident has access to the same health care. It is free for people who are not residents (visitors) only if in an emergency or if the person has some infectious disease. One pro of the U.K health care system is that

Childhood as a general notion Free Essays

Childhood, as a general impression, seems to be obvious: it is the journey in life when you are a kid. Everyone ‘s childhood is alone and society has differing sets of thoughts about what kids are like, what they should be like and how grownups should handle them. A traditional position of childhood ( Alwin 1990 ) , as cited by Waller ( 2005 ) , is that kids are cardinal to the household unit where they create fond bonds with their parents and go fixed with and follow parent ‘s values and attitudes. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood as a general notion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Waller ( 2005 ) p61 The construct of childhood appears to alter form as society evolves and life styles alter and this is confirmed by Walkerdine ‘s modern belief that childhood is â€Å" nomadic and switching † . His definition of childhood, as discussed by Waller ( 2005 ) , is that â€Å" kids experience many different and varied childhoods. † Waller. T, An Introduction to Early Childhood ( 2005 ) p56 The differences kids experience make up their individuality, do them alone and can include factors of race, disablement, societal category, faith, gender and/or background, impacting the kid ‘s single individuality and can act upon their development and patterned advance through life. A varied combination creates the legal individuality of kids at birth in footings of name, gender, nationality and their place in their household unit in relation to their parents and other close household members. Children will so add to this legal individuality and make their ain personal individuality as they develop, grow and experience life through maturity and beyond. Their personal individuality will organize and alter through their experiences of place background, ( including attitudes and values ) , societal economic position, educational accomplishment, faith and gender picks, employment position, personal battles and accomplishments as they encompass life. Waller ( 2005 ) p56 In add-on, kids ‘s development of personal individuality is learned through being accepted by others and by being accepted for their individualism will make a province of emotional well-being, positive self-pride and positive self-identity. They may nevertheless, because of bias of their gender, societal category, disablement or race issues, feel they are unequal and less worthy than other kids. Walkerdine ‘s Mobile and switching position of childhood can be seen as being normal for many kids and this is explained by Waller who cites Penn ( 2005 ) and others, in their account of a normal kid being a: â€Å" funny mix of statistical norms and historically specific value opinions. The most dramatic facet of the ‘normal ‘ kid is how unnatural he or she is, since there is no such individual in world and ne’er has been. The advantage of specifying normalcy is that it is a device that enables those in control or in charge to specify, sort and handle those who do non suit in. † Legislation has been put in topographic point to guarantee that all kids fit in with the best chances for them to make their full potency and the most important device that enables kids to suit in is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 1989, it was decided that kids needed rights that protected and supported them and this convention lays down 54 articles that spell out the basic human rights kids are entitled to in footings of protection, proviso and engagement and cover all factors of their multidimensional individuality such as disablement, race, gender, societal category, sex and faith. This Convention enables kids to be recognised and respected for their ain involvements, points of position and most significantly their personal individuality and helps them to be included in everything that affairs to them irrespective of their single demands and backgrounds. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child gives kids a voice in doing certain they are listened to, included and treated reasonably. ( Friedman. R, 2007 ) Early Old ages in Early on Childhood Surveies This relates to article 12 of the UNCRC where it states â€Å" kids and households are valued and respected at all degrees in our society and have the right to hold their voices sought, heard and acted upon by all those who support them and who provide services to assist them † . In add-on, this article is portion of the vision of the Early Years Framework, working towards giving kids the best possible start in life. Early Years Framework is statutory guidelines for everyone working in early old ages and lays out the stairss everyone, including national and local authoritiess, must take to guarantee kids receive the same results and chances. This model works towards equality and inclusion because it helps to place kids who are at hazard of non accomplishing and takes action to forestall these hazards happening. Some of their actions include traveling kids out of any dangers they have already fallen into, interrupting rhythms of poorness, inequality and hapless results throughout early old ages and have a focal point on authorising kids, households and their wider communities and assisting these groups â€Å" to procure hereafters for themselves † . Scots Government ( 2008 ) p4 This model works together with other policies including Curriculum for Excellence, Equally Well and Skills for Scotland in turn toing the factors of poorness, which can add to the hazard of poorer results for kids. Harmonizing to Bennett and Moss, kids populating in poorness are likely to be more disadvantaged in footings of â€Å" wellness, socio-emotional development, educational attainment, school attending, household stableness and employment chances † . Bennett, J et Al, Working with Diversity, Children in Scotland ( 2010 ) ( p4 ) Poverty can hold a immense consequence on kids and their self-pride because an environment of hapless or no income may see their basic needs non being met suitably and because of this kids may underperform at school. Populating in poorness can besides act upon a kid ‘s sense of individuality because of the stigma and stereotyping of hapless people. This can take to a kid missing in self-esteem because of the manner they are viewed and/or treated and they may experience unequal and useless. Children who have higher self-pride will experience worthy, important, experience good about themselves and make a positive sense of individuality enabling them to cognize where they want to travel in life and seek to interrupt the rhythm of poorness. Early Years Framework understands the emphasiss parents and households face and how this can impact on kids ‘s development. They work to do certain kids receive the best experiences and results in their earliest old ages and set the foundations for their journey into big life and beyond. Helping households to interrupt the rhythm of poorness will besides enable them to switch their societal category and this can assist to find better hereafters. Scots Government ( 2008 ) p4 This policy and other specific statute law ensures kids all have the same chances in order for them to hold a good quality of life in early childhood. Children have a right to be portion of their community scene and develop their ain single individuality but the statute law can merely be effectual if grownups adhere to the guidelines laid down. Adults should advance themselves as positive function theoretical accounts sing bias and favoritism towards individuality differences. Siraj-Blatchford, I ( 2000 ) p3 Children notice individuality differences in other people in footings of tegument coloring material, disablements and linguistic communication and other relevant differences, and will non see these differences as incorrect or worthless but the reactions and replies kids receive from grownups when oppugning about these differences will find whether or non kids learn negative attitudes about bias, pigeonholing and favoritism. Lindon J ( 1998 ) ( p78 ) Some grownup sentiments and positions about differences, bias and favoritism in society in the countries of disablement, race, faith, gender issues and societal category, have been passed down from coevals to coevals and this led to labelling, pigeonholing and favoritism of people ne’er being challenged. This was caused by our ignorance, but as society has evolved, our attitudes towards these issues have changed to a more positive position. This positive position will do a difference to the development of kids ‘s ain attitudes to prejudice and pigeonholing. Pigeonholing agencies holding a general sentiment of a category of people that is fixed, for illustration, positions in the past about male childs and misss related to their behaviors, endowments or failings. It was assumed that misss would under- achieve in instruction compared to boys and farther instruction for misss was disputed because it was thought this would be a waste as â€Å" they would merely acquire married † . Pigeonholing occurred as a consequence of doing opinions about people and in the instance of gender, adult females they were judged as being less intelligent than work forces. Lindon, J ( 1998 ) p33 Lindon believes that this male chauvinist position created bias and favoritism against adult females during the 1950s and 1960s and provinces that The Sex Discrimination Acts 1975 and 1986 made it illegal to know apart against people on the footing of their sex. Children should non believe they are good at certain things merely because they were born a miss or male child, they need to experience valued and develop a positive individuality whatever they do or whoever they are. In our Early Years scenes, practicians should be cognizant of equal chances towards gender functions and purpose for both male childs and misss to make positive results and this involves sing comparings of how male childs and misss are treated and what activities and resources are made available for both sexes and how they are encouraged to utilize them. This would include doing certain resources and experiences are non seen as being merely for male childs or merely for misss. For illustration, out-of-door drama of physical activities like mounting, playing on bikes or football chances should be available to both misss and male childs. In add-on, if boys want drama with the cooker, rinsing machine or pressing board in the place corner so they should non be discouraged from making so. Childs have the right to take where they want to play and larn and the possible challenge for practicians is to let such drama and enable kids to develop assurance in their ain abilities, create a feeling of self-worth and most significantly, a positive feeling about their ain individuality. â€Å" Through grownup function modeling, the usage of play and narrative, and through positive intercession, both misss and male childs can gently be challenged and strongly supported as they come to an apprehension of who they want to be † . Smidt, S. ( 2007 A usher to Early Years Practice, p148 Excluding kids from resources on the footing on their gender can be seen as favoritism and means handling them in a different manner because they are portion of a peculiar group. In add-on, this exclusion contradicts Standard 5, Quality of Experience, and one of the chief rules of Choice, as laid down within the National Care Standards and prevents equality and diverseness within pattern. Other favoritisms associating to a kid ‘s personal individuality can include the positions that all handicapped people are incapacitated. Up until the 1980s, the medical universe used to label kids with disablements because they were non following expected forms of development and the status of the kid became the focal point of attending and non the kids themselves. This resulted in the ordinary or basic demands of the kid being disregarded and the medical universe regarded the kid as lacking in abilities with the focal point so going what the kid could non make instead than what they were able to make. Disability was so seen as a job significance handicapped persons had to accommodate to suit into society and were discriminated against. This negative opinion prevented us from sing handicapped people as persons and expression at what they could non make instead than what they are able to make and by raising the stereotype and favoritism, we can put a kid with extra support dema nds at the Centre of their proviso. The debut of The Education Act 1981 and The Children Act 1989 required local governments to place and measure so supply appropriate services for handicapped kids. Society now concentrates on what the kid can make as an person and allows the kid to be put at the Centre of their proviso and be valued irrespective of their abilities, increasing their assurance, self-esteem, self-worth and single individuality. Hickman, C. et al as cited by Waller, T. ( 2005 ) p32 The Disability Discrimination Act now says that if a kid encounters barriers, society must now happen a solution and do resources available to let the kid to be included. This act now ensures that the kid is in an environment of equal chances and inclusion where diverseness is welcomed and where the environment has to accommodate to let the kid to suit in. Scots Government ( 2009 ) During my clip in arrangement, I discovered how an country within the baby’s room scene had been developed and adapted to back up and advance equality and inclusion. Observation 3 After treatments with my wise man I discovered that the baby’s room had worked alongside the kid ‘s parents, local authorization, and others to measure, program and develop this country for this kid and this working partnership falls within the guidelines of both â€Å" Geting it right for every kid † and the â€Å" Child at the Centre † paperss. Both paperss recognise kids ‘s rights as laid down by the UNCRC and assist kids and their households to derive a positive difference in their lives. These paperss besides benefit practicians by supplying counsel on why seting the kid at the Centre will intend â€Å" acquiring it right † for kids as alone persons. I used the â€Å" Geting it right for every kid † counsel to offer support and a solution for a kid take parting in a physical activity. By supplying the support required he was able to get the better of physical inequalities and allowed him to take part to the full in this activity. This support besides enabled him to be at the bosom of â€Å" Geting it right for every kid † and in peculiar an effectual subscriber who was able to included. Observation 1 The Child at the Centre papers helps practicians to self-evaluate the service they provide for kids and includes indexs which guide them in their professional contemplation of the quality of larning provided. The counsel aid practicians self-evaluate in their planning and intercession of betterments to the acquisition experiences for kids. For illustration, one of the quality indexs is â€Å" 2.1 Children ‘s Experiences † and relates to â€Å" the extent to which kids are motivated and actively involved in their ain acquisition † . Within this subdivision of the policy there are statements which province: â€Å" about all our kids are doing good advancement and accomplishing good † and â€Å" our kids are treated with equality, equity and regard † and these statements help to reflect on good pattern and usher practicians in their proviso. Scots Government p22.23 I had a treatment with my nursery wise man environing a immature kid whose English was non her first linguistic communication and discovered that, harmonizing to my wise man, the kid did non talk really much English. However, during my observation ( observation 2 ) I discovered that this immature kid could in fact speak English rather confidently. This state of affairs highlights the importance of the appropriate and efficient usage of self-evaluation and policies like Child at the Centre to guarantee all kids are within an environment of equality and inclusion. In modern twenty-four hours Scotland there are many kids who are bilingual and harmonizing to Smidt. S ( 2007 ) , and possibly confirmed by my treatment in baby’s room, are offered a course of study that is restricted and does non run into their demands. Good patterns will include and affect these kids and their households in all facets of their acquisition environment and actively observe their different civilizations and in the procedure enable bilingual kids to develop self-esteem, self-worth and a positive self-identity. Smidt, S ( 2007 ) Language is a important factor in footings of societal category and a survey by Bernstein, B. as cited by Smidt, S. ( 2007 ) highlighted the rate of underachievement of working category kids. He explains that working category kids were at a disadvantage in instruction because the linguistic communication used within educational constitutions is on a different degree of understanding to the type of linguistic communication used by working category people. Practitioners should utilize linguistic communication to speak about things that have existent significance in the lives of kids and show regard for the kids and their usage of linguistic communication. Smidt, S. ( 2007 ) Discrimination against kids from working category households may go on because they are judged as being unsuccessful because they come from â€Å" the local council estate † , â€Å" a single-parent household † or â€Å" parents are unemployed † . If attitudes to stereotyped remarks like this continue to predominate, so favoritism of societal category will transport on and our kids will go on to underperform, impacting on their well-being, life opportunities and accomplishments. Smidt, S. ( 2007 ) The Equality Bill 2010 highlights the importance of undertaking favoritism and inequalities in our society. It brings together all pieces of statute law sing disablement, race, gender, societal category, sex and faith in order to protect a kid ‘s multidimensional individuality and to guarantee our society narrows the spread between inequalities and helps to procure equality and inclusion for all immature kids. How to cite Childhood as a general notion, Essay examples

Christians Concerns for Social Justice issues Essay Example For Students

Christians Concerns for Social Justice issues Essay Since the beginning of time people have been concerned with social justice issues. Social justice is helping people using Gods love as a tool to do it. St. Catherine of Siena, and the prophet Isaiah, were two people who knew what social justice really meant and they were concerned with it. Also the Lutheran church is very concerned with different types of social justice issues. Through these three sources we are able to see the different types of social justice issues that arose in their times and through exploring them we will find out that they are not unlike the ones that exist today. Also we will find out that even though not all three of the sources are Christian they all act like the Christian church teaches us to in order to tackle social justice issues Catherine of Siena grew up in Italy during the fourteenth century. Many things were happening at this time in the world, people had a lot of the same concerns about the future as we do today. The fourteenth century was a time of many wars, of famine, and of many sicknesses including the bubonic plague. Also church at this time was full of people who were losing faith, and it was spiting into two parts. They also had many of the same problems as we have today such as poverty, problems between ethnic groups, hunger, oppression, and homelessness. There was also corruption among the powerful just like today. This is why study Catherine of Siena because many of her concerns for the state of society and social justice issues are not unlike ours today. One concern that Catherine has for society is she feels that self-centered love may destroy us and we must rid ourselves of it You understand, therefore, dearest brothers and lords, how self-centered love destroys the city of soul, and also destroys and overturns our earthly cities(Catherine 40). Catherine feels that there is a lot of selfishness in the world today and we must stop it before it destroys us. She also feels that selfishness will destroy our souls. It is like the devil working with in us. She also says that if something is not done soon about the selfishness in the world it will not only destroy our souls but also our cities. For instance, a selfish king will try to rule the world, and by trying to rule the world this king will probably destroy many people and cities along the way. Also a king that is selfish will never grow and if he never grows he wont be able to help his people. Selfishness is just one concern that Catherine has for the state of society. If you think about we also have this concern. We would like people to be less selfish and help out others in order to have harmony in this world and to live out Gods will. Another concern for society that Catherine has is she seems to think that people have trouble coping with there problems. We find this out by a letter that she wrote to her brother who was having some troubles in Italy. She tells us that all we have to do in order to get through hard times is be patient I beg you, therefore, to hold the weapon of patience firmly so that you may receive benefit from all your troubles(Catherine 21). As you can see Catherine sees patience as a weapon that can help you get through many things especially hard times. She knows that this is a difficult task so she gives three suggestions how this may be done. The most important and interesting one is Firstly, I want you to think about the shortness of live, for you are not certain even of tomorrow (Catherine 21). .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 , .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .postImageUrl , .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 , .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:hover , .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:visited , .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:active { border:0!important; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:active , .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31 .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u777795507b733fe7cfa340cdeb869a31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism Essay This is a very good suggestion not only for the time of Catherine but also for us today. We all have hard times and if we are patient we will get through them. A good way to do this is to do what Catherine says, think about how short life really is and you will begin to see that your problem maybe isnt so .

The Truman Show Film Research Paper Example

The Truman Show Film Paper In class we have been studying The Truman Show. A film where one man lives under the hands of the media. His whole life has been one lie; everything he stood for was fraud. The Truman show is self-reflexive. This means the content of the film is reflecting the media itself. The Truman Show is about a film within a film, it shows the life of one man- Truman Burbank. Hidden cameras placed within the set monitor every second of his life. Truman inhabits a world similar to Big brother. Wherever he goes he is being watched. The viewer is inspired by Truman and feels sorry for him all the way through. In my essay I will analyse the film and try to explain what I think the whole film stands for. The narrative of The Truman Show is All knowing, this means that the viewer knows more than the characters inside the film. We all know Trumans world is false, but Truman has no idea. Truman Burbanks life is one huge lie; he lives on Seahaven the worlds biggest studio set. From the moment he was born, his life has been on air 24/7 and little does he know that he is the worlds most loved TV star. Apart from this dark secret, his life is practically perfect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Show Film specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Show Film specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Show Film specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He inhabits the most perfect town, with all happy people where everybody knows his name. His life is hunky dory. Of course, everything is so perfect because its all staged, along with all events in his life. The Truman Show also follows Todorovs Theory. The exposition is when Christoff and the characters are talking about the show. At the beginning we are introduced to the show with a sign, which helped us familiarize us with the TV show. The mis-en-scene of the frame was a black screen with white Sans Serif font as the body, the text told us how many days into the show it was. This helped set the scene a little more. When we are introduced to Seahaven and we instantly recognise it as a typical happy American town, such as you would see in a musical. The story develops when Truman meets Lauren (Sylvia) and he falls in love. She takes him to the beach and tells him that everyone can see him. She tells him her name isnt Lauren its Sylvia. Coincidently she gets whisked away to Fiji. From that moment on, Truman starts to get suspicious. This is the complication. A climax is reached when Truman escapes and is out on the boat. In the resolution Trumans boat hits the wall at the edge of the set and discovers the truth. The closure of the film occurs when Truman decides to leave. The story ends with his classic words. Incase I dont see ya, Good Morning, Good Evening and Goodnight. This is a happy ending and it puts a tear to our eye. The audience within the film and us all feel sympathy towards Truman. Jim Carrey plays Truman. Truman Burbank is carefree, happy and venerable, unlike most roles Jim Carrey is likely to play. The TV audience love him because he is so nice. Infact he is so nice it is almost unreal. Most of his personality is constructed and controlled by Christoff. His world is so nice, its like a dream, so cheesy its unreal. We feel sorry for Truman because he is so lovable but has no privacy and his whole life is monitored and on display to the world. Its as if everyone is betraying him. He dresses like the typical American family man. In a woolly v-neck jumper or a suit. We identify with Truman and psychologically become a part of his world. Us as the audience love him and see him as the hero in the show. We sympathise with Truman even more because he thinks he has a wife who loves him and a best friend he can trust. Little does he know he has been cheated on and when he leaves Seahaven he has to re-build his life all over again. Meryl, Trumans wife is the typical blonde American housewife. She often wore an apron or a nurses uniform, which is a general typical job of a woman. Meryl has a tang of arsenic in her syrupy voice Here Jane McDowell is suggesting that she sounds almost too sweet, that her voice is quite intimidating. I agree with him because at times Meryl sounded so nice that she seemed false. Marlon- Trumans best friend is totally controlled by Christoff. In the scene where Truman is reunited with his father, Christoff is dictating to Marlon what to say. Then when Truman goes missing Marlon is under Christoffs instructions and does exactly what Christoff is telling him to do.. He is very loyal to Christoff and seems very puppet like, without a mind of his own. Christoff is represented as a stereotypical director. The Truman show is his life, he is obsessed with the show and is willing to sacrifice anything for it- even Trumans life. As Truman is escaping on the boat Christoff creates a tidal wave in order for Truman not to find out he world is a fraud. Christoff is probably the most powerful character in the whole film. He wears all black, which could signify evil. He shows no emotions towards Truman. Which makes us, as the audience dislike him. He is the villain in the film. Christoff is like a god to Truman. Not in the way of a hero but the word God is more of a metaphor. He has made Trumans life what it is and has the power to do what he wants to him. Christoff designed Trumans world and picked all his family and friends. Toward the end when Christoff tells Truman the truth, all Truman can hear is Christoffs voice. This symbolises Christoff as a God to Truman. Sylvia is almost the only real Character in the movie. Truman adores her, and created a picture of her using cut out from magazines. He carried this around with him. Sylvia is very honest to Truman and tells him everything. When she got chucked off the set. Lauren is seen watching the show. When Truman laughed she laughed with him. When Truman was in trouble she cried. There are two different types of Enigma codes in The Truman Show. One being the clues given to Truman and the second type is given to us- the audience. The first code given to Truman is when a light falls out of the sky at the very beginning. Truman is surprised at first but fails to think anything of it, and he goes on with life as usual. As the film goes on, more enigma codes are given to Truman and eventually leads to his escape. Such codes include Meryl having her fingers crossed, the small amounts of rain that mysteriously follows him, the disappearance of Sylvia, Sylvia telling him the truth and when a part of the set is accidentally revealed. As Truman got more suspicious he took notice of these codes and became more aware of them. One day, he is in his car listening to the radio when the signal interferes and he hears people talking about him and his actions. He starts to notice small things like people hed never met before knowing his name. Another time he runs into the road and the bus stopped straight away, with a spookily quick reaction. Also, Truman starts to notice other things, he predicts a lady with flowers, then a beetle, and then a couple would come around the corner. Truman then goes mad and tries to escape with Meryl. Coincidently theres a leak at the power plant and Truman has to return home. All these clues leave Truman suspicious and he tries to escape. There are also enigma codes given to us as the audience. When Truman sees Sylvia in the library she is wearing a badge saying, How will it end? The camera performs and Extreme Close up on this bade so that we cant focus on anything else. This is so Peter Wier can ensure that weve defiantly seen it and to emphasise the importance of the badge. This makes the audience wonder what does happen at the end. Other camera techniques are used in The Truman Show to convey messages to the audience. During the film the camera take different angles and points of view to vary the scenes and to keep the viewers attention. Without different camera shots the film would seem very plain and unprofessional. Lots of different shots are used for a reason. The camera exerts a low angle and looks up at Christoff symbolically making him look more powerful. When Truman and Meryl are talking the camera switches shots, this is called shot reverse shot. This enables the audience to see both subjects within the scene and makes the conversation more interesting. Also then different camera techniques can be used within each frame. In example, the camera exerts a high angle filming Truman, this makes Truman seem more week and inferior to Meryl who is being filmed at a high angle making her look more superior. Truman is perhaps made to look weaker than Meryl because at this time in the film Meryl and Christoff had allot of power over Truman and perhaps in a way they were controlling him. Throughout the film POV shots are constantly used. The impression given to us, as the audience is that these cameras are stuck onto the actors within Seahaven. For example, when Truman was trying to escape there was coincidentally a nuclear leak. One of the supposed workers of the plant had a camera placed inside his Mask. While this worker was spraying Truman to knock him unconscious we saw all this from the view of the worker. These point of view shots make us feel even more the atmosphere of a TV set. I could tell when there was a POV shot because the corners of the frame were faded. This helped me familiarise myself with a POV camera so I could tell the difference between an ordinary camera and a hidden one. During the scene where Truman is reunited with his father a variation of shots are used. A close up of Trumans crying face is used, this brings out Trumans emotions and makes both audiences feel sorry for him. A long shot of Truman and his father hugging is used to show the audience their actions. Also a medium shot is used where we can see the fathers back and Trumans face, yet again this reminds the audience of the trauma Truman is going through. Also many Mini- Cams are used around the set of Seahaven. These are hidden cameras around the set such as security cameras or hidden cameras in cupboards or in paintings etc. An example of this would be when Truman is in the hospital and he is being spied on by a security camera. We hear the mechanics within the camera as it moves. This non-diagetic sound informs us that the camera is that of a hidden camera within the set. At the beginning Truman is looking directly at the audience, it appears that his is talking to us. This is a direct mode of address. This infact is a hidden camera hidden in the mirror in the bathroom. This sets the scene well because we realise Truman isnt talking to us but instead he is being spied upon. There were 6 key moments for me. First two were at the beginning in the jolly happy morning scene where everyone was saying greeting him and everything was really cheesy and jolly. Around that time a light fell out of the sky and gave Truman the first hint that something was wrong. Other Key moments we time such as when Meryl had her fingers crossed on the wedding photo, when Truman met up with his father and when Truman fell in love with Lauren. The Key moment for me in the whole film was when Truman escaped at the end. This was very significant to me because it shows Truman conquering all the people that had lied to him and beating them at their own game. Non-diagetic and diagetic sounds are used in almost every scene in the Truman show. In one scene you can hear the diagetic sound of tweeting birds, which is a stereotypical sound of a peaceful happy village. It is hard though to say whether this is diagetic or non diagetic. This is because Christoff might have placed these sounds into the set of Seahaven therefore making them non-diagetic sound FX. Though the dialogue by Truman and all the characters is defiantly diagetic sound. When Truman is out on the boat Christoff adds in Non- diagetic sound effects to build up tension for the audience within the film. He plays fast tragic music to go with the scene. When the moment in the film is more jolly, i. e. when Truman goes out in the morning the music played is more happy and cheesy. This makes the viewer feel more relaxed and tells us that everything is fine and dandy. When Truman was re-united with his father slow sad music is played to make the viewer feel sad. Without music added into the film the reader wont feel the emotions that they do. When Truman escapes the whole town is searching for him. Diagetic FX are used to show the marching of the town. This loud sound can symbolise a threat to Truman or signify the marching of the drums during a war. There are three audiences that watch the Truman show. The audience that Christoff has attracted, the TV crew that are creating the show, and then theres us. The audience that watches the film that Peter Weird created. The audience that watches the Truman show in the film is totally obsessed with Truman. They are there watching with amazement in all the key moments in the film. When Truman Meets up with his dad, they are there crying. When Truman escapes they are there mystified. When Truman nearly dies they are there crying, and when Truman leaves the show they are there cheering. This TV audience is active and are most likely linked to the uses and gratifications theory. They seem to evolve their life around Truman and watch him as much as they possible could. When they are out with friends their main topic of conversation is likely to be about the Truman show. They are probably addicted to the show and will forever watch it to find out what will happen next. It could be said that some of the audience are passive, and are affected by the hyperdermic needle effect; because they watch Truman so much they are likely to copy him. They might go out and say the things he says. Such as Incase I dont see ya, good morning good evening and goodnight. This audience is from Adults up. Those who havent got much to do during the day. Also I would guess the audience is mainly older because they would have been watching the show from Trumans birth so they would have followed it. Using the Registrars General scale I would say the class of this audience is from C E. This is because they are most likely to be unemployed so they watch the show during the day. People of a higher class or children are usually at school during the day so they wouldnt be able to catch on to the show so easily. In general I would say the audience is dominantly white because the actors in the show are mainly white (apart from the bus driver). Also Truman is a typical white American Man and other races are less likely able to link with him so well. Having said that I wouldnt say it was specifically aimed at any particular race. Both male and females watch the film in the show. The TV crew audience rely on Truman to give themselves a successful show. They watch him with wonder and hesitation in order to see if the scene they had tried to create had gone to plan. Then they congratulate themselves if a scene goes well. They are there watching Truman constantly, monitoring his every moment. It was the TV audience that first spotted Truman was missing. We relate to this audience the least because we dislike them for what they are doing to Truman. The audience that watches the film (us) is different to the audience within the film. We arent likely to be addicted to the show because it doesnt have any more episodes following it. I would say the target audience is to be of age 10+, anyone who will understand the story and grasp whats going on inside. The film is a certificate PG but it may be too complicated for a 6 yr old. I would say it is ideal for people of any lifestyle. I would say it could be for the middle class lifestyle for many reasons. The world Truman inhabits is quite complicated and middle class people are more likely to grasp the concepts of it all. Lower classes (D and E registrars general scale) are less likely to appreciate the film as much because they might not understand it, they might find it cheesy or could find it boring. Also in the film allot of classical music is played which in general would appeal to a higher-class audience. The audience of this film is again probably dominantly white. I get this idea because the film is based on more of a white culture. The Truman show makes its audience value the importance of privacy. After watching the film the audience thinks twice about whether there life is like Trumans. We also start to wonder who we can trust. Its not fair that Truman has his life controlled and by watching the film people might learn to treat other people better. Peter Weir gives off many messages during the Truman Show, He is laughing at the media all the way through and portrays them as a very powerful, untrustworthy organisation. The whole show symbolises real life. Many people have their lives followed and monitored by the media and have no privacy, for example Posh Spice and David Beckham. In the Truman show, Trumans life was perfect. Everything he wanted it to be. Everything he heard was exactly what he wanted to hear. When he started getting clues to his life being a lie he denied them at first but after a number of strange events he discovers that what he used to believe was one big lie. This show also conveys that people cant keep a huge secret from someone because eventually theyd find out and it will all end in tears. I enjoyed watching the Truman Show. Its a very interesting film and it made me think twice about life. My favourite part was when Truman found out the truth, I felt really pleased for Truman and it was a really emotional ending. It was great that Truman finally defeated the media, and re-united with the only honest person in his life. It would love it if a Truman show 2 was made and I could find out how Truman coped with living after a lie.

Evenin Air Blues

Evenin Air Blues The poem Evenin’ Air Blues written by Langston Hughes was published in 1951. The poem consists of four six line stanzas or sestets. In the poem, a poor black man, who is probably an escaped slave, in a sad tone, speaks about the mismatch between the picture of Northern American states that existed among the Southern slaves and the reality in which although there is no slavery, living conditions are hard, and people can hardly makes their ends meet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evenin’ Air Blues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first stanza of Evenin’ Air Blues is a sestet, and the rhyme scheme is â€Å"ababcb†. The rhyming words are â€Å"North†, â€Å"fine†, â€Å"months† and â€Å"mind†. The first two words are repeated two times each. He chose those particular words to emphasize the basic introductory information which is the location – North, i ts alleged description – fine, the amount of time he spent there – months, and the effect it had on him – that he almost lost his mind. Some critics have pointed out that rhyming â€Å"fine† and â€Å"minds† is technically a really bad move, and that it takes away much of the poems quality (Tracy, 158). Repetition as a tool is used here to show how rumors about the life in the North are repeated almost like a mantra among the Southern slaves. The second stanza of the poem also consists of six lines with the rhyme scheme is â€Å"efefgf†. The words that carry the rhyme are â€Å"breakfast†, â€Å"air†, â€Å"supper† and â€Å"spare†, the first two of which are used twice. The most prominent words that carry the rhyme are related to food – â€Å"breakfast† and â€Å"supper†, and they are used alongside the word â€Å"air† which is associated with emptiness and void. By doing this, the poe t achieves his goal of vividly describing the day-by-day struggle that all of the black people faced. The main tool here is literal image. Hughes uses it very effectively so the reader can almost feel his long days without food and shelter. The physical repetition of words parallels the sameness of days in his life. That way, we get the picture of the lack of basic existential necessities that the speaker faces. In the third stanza, we get somewhat different but simple rhyme scheme – â€Å"hjhjhj†, but the number of lines is the same as in the first two. The rhyming words in this stanza are â€Å"dancin’†, â€Å"away†, â€Å"stay†, and the first two are, again, repeated two times. The word â€Å"dancin’† is chosen and repeated to transfer the atmosphere of dance nights; â€Å"away† is used in order to show the effect dance has on his sadness, and â€Å"stay† is used to emphasize the permanence of his melancholy on ly occasionally interrupted by dances. In this stanza, the reader is introduced to the idea of dance as an antidote to poverty and suffering in a big city. The main tool in this stanza is personification, which is apparent in the last line, when the poet says how â€Å"blues forgets to stay†. In my view, by using this tool, the poet wants to emphasize how the speaker feels the blues as a conscious force or a spirit because of its power over him. This stanza shows us that artistic expression is what keeps people sane and gives them power to endure the hardships they face.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The final stanza is quite distinct from the rest of the poem since it is written in the rhyme scheme â€Å"kkkkkk†, which is a very unusual rhyme. In this stanza, the words that carry the rhyme are â€Å"me†, which is repeated three times,  "be† repeated two times and â€Å"see†. â€Å"Me† and â€Å"be† are used in an altering way to indicate how the speaker’s person is the permanent dwelling of the blues. The word â€Å"see† is used almost as a call for the reader to notice how apparent the cause of his sadness is. As for the number of lines, this stanza conforms to the rest of the poem, which means that it has six lines. The main tool which is used here very effectively is internal rhyme, and it can be found in the last line where the poet rhymes â€Å"me† and â€Å"see† line internally. The poet uses the opportunity to repeat the word â€Å"me† for the fourth time in this stanza almost as a way of physically pointing at himself to draw the attention of the society at his conditions. This effect is made even stronger since the word is rhymed with the verb â€Å"see†, which calls for people’s attention almost like an imperative. In conclusion, one might say that although criticized for its technical issues like problematic rhyme in â€Å"fine – mind† and dialectal inconsistencies, this poem is very valuable because it provides a vivid picture of disappointment in the life in the North. It is also worth adding that the poet has succeeded in transferring the lives of ordinary, poor, black people into artistic expression, and at the same time, he preserved the tone and atmosphere of everyday life by using the colloquial Southern dialect. Tracy, Steven C.. Langston Hughes the blues. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988. Print.

Challenges And Frustrations In A Country Doctor English Literature Essay

Challenges And Frustrations In A Country Doctor English Literature Essay Franz Kafka’s, â€Å"A country doctor† is a story that narrates the experiences and challenges a country doctor faces as he tries to carry out his duties as the doctor. He goes through various obstacles which he has no solution to, but has to face them just as they are. He clings to the idea of being a helper, wards of resignation, is ready to sacrifice his private life for his professional ethics and is forced in the cruelest way to recognize the vanity of his effort (Samon 2002). In this essay, am going to identify four challenges and frustrations that accompany each that confront the doctor. I will also explain why the story may be called a nightmare then lastly highlight the themes that revealed from the story. The weather is very unfavourable. It is this period that the doctor struggles to attend to an emergency ten miles away during a snowstorm. It is this bad weather and exhaustion that led to the death of his horse. The death of the horse greatly frustrates the doctor as he is unable to attend to the alarm because of lack of a horse. At the end as he goes back home, he is still greatly affected by the snow. The perspective of the patient about his sickness is also a big challenge to the doctor. The patient has given up on life. When the doctor arrives and looks at the patient, the young man says, â€Å"doctor, let me die!† This is a total loss of hope. The young man knows that the presence of the doctor will not bring any improvement to his health status. The young man later asks, â€Å"Will you save me?† At the end the young man tells the doctor that he had very little confidence in him. This is a major challenge to the doctor as the sick young man has already given up. The doctor is frustrated because he can do nothing to the state of the young man (John stone 2008). The emerging of the groom from the pigsty is one great challenge the doctor faces. The groom is a stranger but very willing to assist by lending his horse. In stead of accompanying the doctor, he refuses to go with him. In fact just the first time he handles Rosa is very suspicious. He scratches her cheek with his teeth. The groom’s actions after the doctor leaves are also mysterious (Cuizon 2008). The torment the doctor feels about Rosa is also a great challenge. Rosa was left with a stranger whom she was not willing to stay with. The doctor had to make a choice between saving Rosa and attending to the patient. He decides to attend to the patient but is frequently disturbed mentally about the state of Rosa and the stranger. The frustrations go further as he has left Rosa in a vulnerable state yet his mission is not successful (Cuizon 2008). The story might be called a nightmare because of the happenings that take place. The emerging of the groom and the horses from the pigsty is frightening. The doctor, who is the owner of the pigsty thinks it is abandoned, in fact Rosa’s comment is satirical; â€Å"one doesn’t know the things one has in one’s own house.† The groom is too willing to help. The description of the horses is not normal; in fact the doctor admits that he had never used such horses. The speed the horses run and the time taken for the ten miles is very short. The way the patient’s family handles the doctor is also frightening. They take off his clothes, and then force him to lie in the same bed with the patient. They then close the door and leave. In addition, the song sung by the school children and the teacher is frightening, â€Å"take his clothes off, then he will heal, and if he does not cure, kill him. It’s only a doctor, it’s only a doctor.†(Cuizon 2008).

Teaching methods - visual and performing arts Essay

Teaching methods - visual and performing arts - Essay Example Content to be taught in dance is the alignment, balance, landing, fall and recovery. In case of music, the student should be taught how to sing and play in groups and alone. They should be made familiar with pitch, rhythm, timbre, tempo, diction, lyrics and melody. Students should be taught theatre excerpts available from past literature to help them develop the basic understanding of the theatre and how it is presented. Students should be taught various forms of visual arts including movies and cartoon of their interest. It would be best if the theatres they are made to read from the books are shown to them played in movies. Shakespeare’s plays would be the most appropriate selection for this purpose. Experts of arts teaching strongly recommend the application of locomotor and non-locomotor skills while teaching dance, especially. In order to teach music, students must be made to do exercises that enhance their breath control. According to latest research, it is strongly reco mmended to follow the seven-part plan of questions that can produce miraculous results, if applied while teaching arts. â€Å"Wiggins and McTighe refer to this plan as "W.H.E.R.E.T.O.† (cited in Brown, 2008). W stands for what are the students expected to comprehend, H for how to hold students’ interest, E for equipping students for success in the areas of arts, R for instilling the abilities of revisiting and refining in the students, E for how to encourage students to evaluate their talents, T for tailoring teaching methods.

Shakespeare's tragic vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shakespeare's tragic vision - Essay Example Ben Jon son, a contemporary Play Wright said about Shakespeare that, "He was not of an age but for all times" who with his dramatic genius has established and underlying reputation for himself which he lived. Shakespeare's age was a period of ignorance and superstition. Despite the advancement of science and learning, the majority of the people still believed in witchcraft and charms omens of all sorts' .The frequent appearance of the supernatural can be seen like ghost in Julius Caesar and Hamlet, witches in Macbeth. Medical science was still rudimentary, and all sorts of fantastic lures were prescribed. Hamlet is considered as a tragedy has all the typical features of a Shakespearean tragedy. A Shakespearean tragedy is essentially the tale of one man- the hero .Hamlet is the prince of Denmark, frank, noble hearted man. That is why he is popular with the people, and Ophelia and Fortinbras praise him so highly. The suffering of the tragic hero is also exceptional; he suffers so terribly the hearts of the readers filled with pity and sympathy. Hamlet has all the chief Characteristics of a typical Elizabethans Revenge ply. The Revenge motif is strong in it. Hamlet's father is murdered in a most foul manner. It is an unnatural crime, for the criminal is the real brother of the murdered King. His queen has been unfaithful to her husband during his life time and soon after his death she marries the murderer. Thus there is murder, adultery, and incestuous marriage. In the manner of revenge play, it is the ghost of Hamlet's father who reveals to the young prince the horrible truth about his father's death, and lays upon him the duty of revenge. The supernatural motif has been fully exploited, eg. The ghost speaks only to the prince. In Hamlet there is much of fighting, bloodshed and violence. First Hamlet kills Polonius hidden behind the curtain. Not only had that he dug his body down exclaiming: This man will set me packing; I will lug the guts into the neighboring room . The revenge motif has been fully exploited, and thrills and sensations, for which the "grounding" longed, have been provided in ample measure. It is not merely an object of horror, but also the representation of the hidden, mysterious forces that lurk around us. It is an instrument of justice to punish the evil doer. Hamlet is one of the greatest tragedies of the world. As Goggling is points out, Hamlet, "is not to be regarded as a tragedy of revenge, but as a universal figure; he is every man. In his suffering, melancholy, hesitations in his inaction at a crucial moment in his life he typifies some one or the other phase of human nature". Hamlet is a tortured soul and it is through his soliloquies that the dreamiest has laid bare his soul before us. Without the soliloquies the drama would be more husks without a Kernel. One can say that Hamlet is Soul's tragedy and raise above a crude Melodrama or Revenge play. According to Samuel Johnson on Hamlet, "The play of Hamlet is opened, without impropriety, by two sentinels; Iago bellows at Brabantio's window, without injury to the scheme of the play, though in terms which a modern audience would not easily endure; the character of Polonius is seasonable and useful; and the grave-diggers themselves may be

Stock Price Essay Example for Free

Stock Price Essay 1. If you bought a share of stock, what would you expect to receive, when would you expect to receive it, and would you be certain that your expectations would be met? 2. If most investors expect the same cash flows from Companies A and B but are more confident that Company A’s cash flow will be close to their expected value, which should have the higher stock price? Explain. 3. When is a stock said to be in equilibrium? At any given time, would you guess that most stocks are in equilibrium as you defined it? Explain. 4. Suppose three completely honest individuals gave you their estimates of Stock X’s intrinsic value. One is your current girlfriend or boyfriend, the second is a professional security analyst with an excellent reputation on Wall Street, and the third is Company X’s CFO. If the three estimates differ, which one would you have the most confidence in? Why? 5. What are some actions stockholders can take to ensure that management’s and stockholders’ interest can be aligned? 6. The president of Southern Semiconductor Corporation (SSC) made this statement in the company’s annual report: â€Å"SSC’s primary goal is to increase the value of our common stockholders’ equity.† Later in the report, the following announcements were made: (a) The company is spending $500 million to open a new plant and expand operations in China. No profits will be produced by the Chinese operation for 4 years, so earnings will be depressed during this period versus what they would have been had the decision not been made to expand in the market. (b) The company holds about half of its assets in the form of U.S. Treasury bonds, and it keeps these funds available for use in emergencies. In the future, though, SSC plans to shift its emergency funds from Treasury bonds to common stocks. Discuss how SSC’s stockholders might view each of these actions, and how they might affect the stock price. 7. Edmund Enterprises recently made a large investment to upgrade its technology. While these improvements won’t have much of an effect on performance in the short run, they are expected to reduce future costs significantly. What effect will this investment have on Edmund Enterprises’ earnings per share this year? What effect might this investment have on the company’s stock price? 8. What agency relationships exist within a corporation?  9. What mechanisms exist to influence managers to act in shareholders’ best interests? 10. Should shareholders (through managers) take actions that are detrimental to bondholders? 11. What factors affect stock prices?

An Asian Growing Up in America Essay -- Persoanl Narrative Essays

An Asian Growing Up in America The air would always be humid and stuffy while riding the bus to school, and the slightest bump in the road would result in tossing up the kids like salad. The backseat would provide carriage for all the popular and tough kids shouting out at pedestrians on the street or flipping off a middle finger to the bus driver that would shout for them to calm down. I despised those kids in the back. They were the same people that made my life a living hell, while growing up and attending an American school. My parents sometimes got the notion that they knew everything in my life. They constantly advised me to eat my vegetables, do my homework, and put the toilet seat down after going to the bathroom. Yet, I felt as if my mother and father never understood what I went through in school due to the fact that they grew up in a totally different country. I’m sure that if I were raised in an Asian country, no one would pull their eye sockets back and start singing some gabble that didn’t even include a real character in any Asian alphabet, because we would all have the same face. My folks just moved to the â€Å"land of opportunity† in hopes of getting me a bright future; a land that has high school kids shooting up fellow students and teachers. Some future. Everyday was the same for me, having to deal with racial slurs that would otherwise imprison someone for a hate crime if we were adults. All through out freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior year, people gave me nicknames like Bruce Lee or Jackie Chan. It’s a shame that those names never really held up it’s title, due to the fact that I didn’t know anything about Kung Fu or any fancy martial arts. One cold December morning of my 7th grade year in mi... ...t out, I figured what I wanted to do. Knowing that it would be four years of relentless pestering, I knew that someday I would surpass my tormentors; I would keep under cover of my books and study hard to make my brother proud one day. It would be worth the pain to someday walk into a restaurant and see my former bully come to my table wearing an apron and a nametag and wait on me, complete with a lousy tip. To walk the halls of the hospital I work in, sporting a stethoscope and white coat while walking across the floor that was just cleaned not to long ago by the janitor, who was the same boy that tried to pick a fight with me back in middle school. To me, an Asian in an American school is picking up where my brother left off. It’s a promise to my family that I wouldn’t disappoint nor dishonor our name. It’s a battle that’s gains victory without being fought.

Come in-Ahhh Merciii Essay

Scene V, Blanche: â€Å"Come in†-â€Å"Ahhh Merciii† Discuss this extract in relation to the rest of the text paying attention to structure, form and use of language. The ending section of scene five of Tennessee Williams’s play ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ has provoked much confusion and debate as to the writer’s motives in regards to the portrayal of Blanche. One school of thought on the matter is that, in spite of the fact that Williams largely based the character of Blanche upon himself his primary aim in the play is to punish her for her failure to show empathy towards her homosexual husband Allan. Williams was of course a homosexual himself, living in a largely homophobic world where gayness was not a talked about subject. He often brought the issue up in his other works such as ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof’ where the characters Brick and Skipper and both portrayed as possible homosexuals. Blanches lack of empathy and compassion are highlighted once again in this extract when she totally fails to take into account the feelings of a second young man, and instead uses him to live out her fantasies of desire for her late husband. During the exchange between Blanche and the young man she is portrayed as seductive and dominant â€Å"I want to kiss you† making it clear that she is the one initiating the situation, this is a dramatic contrast to her normal persona around other men such as Mitch and Stanley where she makes herself out to be both innocent and pure. This extract is one of the places where her illusion starts to slip and her past actions are hinted at to the audience. Blanches reaction to you young mans mention of cherry soda â€Å"you make my mouth water† has a strong sexually reference, a cherry being a metaphor for virginity, which probably only Blanche is aware of. This shows that she is simply playing games with the young man using him for her own enjoyment. In the next scene Blanche treats Mitch in a very similar way, after discovering that he does not speak French she says â€Å"Voulez-vous couches avec mo ice soir? † meaning ‘would you like to sleep with me this evening? ‘ which is the call of a French prostitute. The lack of consideration that Blanche shows towards both men and the way she appears to be using them both (The young man for a thrill and Mitch for security) hints not only towards the fact that in the past she has sought remedies for her loneliness with strangers but also supports the metaphor presented later in the play of Blanche being a tarantula trapping her victims in a web of illusions â€Å"Yes a big spider! That’s where I brought my victims†. Another example of how Williams is using this scene to condemn Blanches can be found by looking at the actions of the young man. During the scene he speaks nervously and makes frequent glances towards the door portraying his wish to escape form Blanches and making it obvious that he is uncomfortable with the situation. â€Å"Well I’d better be-â€Å". When describing the young man Blanche repeatedly uses the word young and also calls him lamb, this not only enforces his youth to the audience but also the fact that Blanche is aware of how much younger than her he is. The final and perhaps most damming piece of evidence towards Blanche is her reaction towards Mitch at the end of the scene, where, having just kissed a young boy she greets the man she is hoping to marry with open arms, reverting back to her old illusion of purity. This shows her as uncaring and manipulative towards both parties, in the she takes on the roll of two completely different people to get what she wants. It also presents a hint that Blanche is lying about her sexual history. Blanches actions in this extract could also be seen as an example of deliberate cruelty, in so far as she is willing to take advantage of a confused and reluctant young man just for her own pleasure. Blanche has of cores been guilty of deliberate cruelty in her past when she spoke of her revulsion towards Allan â€Å"I know. I saw. You disgust me. † leading to his suicide. Deliberate cruelty is something that Blanche states that she despises and has â€Å"Never been guilty off† making her seam rather hypocritical. Some might argue in fact that Williams is in fact using this extract to elicit the audience’s pity towards Blanche as opposed to their condemnation. Throughout the play reference has been frequently made to Blanches declining mental state, such as when Stanley takes the letters written by Allan away from her and she becomes hysterical. Williams gently reminds the audience of this in numerous ways throughout the extract. For a start, in reference to the lighter Blanche uses the word â€Å"Temperamental†, which is a very unusual description and probably intended to reflect upon her mental state. During the later part of the scene the convocation is accompanied by the Blue Piano, a recurring sign of Blanche’s guilt, misery and mental declination. It features at many points in the play, usually during periods of anguish for Blanche such as when she is reminiscing about the loss of Bell Reve to Stella. Blanche’s crumbling mental state is not helped by her alcoholism, another one of Williams’s personality traits that feature throughout his plays, such as with Brick in ‘Cat on a hot tin Roof’. Although Blanche isn’t actually drinking in this extract the audience knows that she has drunk earlier in the scene â€Å"a shot never does a coke any harm† and are shown how drink can make people do things be the actions of the drunken Negro woman just before the young man arrives. â€Å"The negro woman cackling hysterically, swaying drunkenly comes around the corner. † Williams may also have been trying to make the audience sympathise with Blanche’s paranoia about her appearance and desperation to feel young again. Earlier is the scene the audience sees Blanche looking in the mirror she is later to smash, showing emphasising her fragility about her looks. She also talked to Stella about her fading appearance â€Å"I – I’m fading now†. The audience has also been privy to Blanches hatred of light â€Å"I can’t stand a naked light bulb† and her need to hear positive remarks about her appearance â€Å"I was fishing for a compliment Stanley†. Another factor that must be considered is that previously in the scene Stanley has begun to tear down the illusions Blanche weaves to protect herself be hinting that he knows about her past actions (Again hinting that Blanche is lying about her past) â€Å"Shaw is under the impression that he met you in Loral† leaving her exposed and in a state of hysteric shock shown by her frequent pauses in sentences and trembling â€Å"her hand shakes so it almost slips form the glass†. Perhaps the most likely explanation for this why this scene seems to show Blanche is two contradictory lights however is that Williams is deliberately leaving it ambiguous, allowing the audience to decide upon their own feelings towards Blanche, and that the true purpose of this scene is to prefigure the revelations about Blanches past, particularly her relationship with the 17 year old boy that lost her her job.

Significance of ingot

To look into the significance of metal bar during the Bronze Age within the Mediterranean trade industry.Chapter I: IntroductionThe significance of the metal bars in the Bronze Age has long been recognized in the development of metallurgical engineering, societal organisation and the primary focal point of this research, the Mediterranean trade industry. The metal metal bars, peculiarly those made from Cu and Sn became an of import facet in the Bronze Age trade, as they were the majority of the ship ‘s lading. Furthermore the location of these metal ores occur in geographically localized countries, which would hold limited entree of prehistoric communities to metals, which hence encouraged long distance trade between them. ( Jones, 2007, 1 ) Copper was particularly an of import natural stuff as it was used for doing tools, arms and status-enhancing luxury goods. Furthermore, Cu was the chief constituent within the sea trade. Evidence found on Mesopotamia and Dilmun, Egypt, Levant, the Aegean and subsequently the cardinal Mediterranean suggests ladings were much easier to transport by sea than by overland. The shipwrecks at Uluburun ( c.1300B.C ) and Cape Gelidonya ( c.1200B.C ) provide direct grounds for the conveyance of Cu metal bars by sea. This has hence influenced Mediterranean civilizations to increase nautical trade and established interregional contacts for Cu and Sn entree. This besides applies for metals such as gold, Ag and led which besides played a function in long-distance trade, thought non in the same measures as Cu. There have been many arguments for the exact nature of this trade. Muhly references that the metal metal bars would supply us â€Å" a proper apprehension of the nature and the range of this trade. † ( 1977, 73 ) However, we can non establish our hypothesis on understanding Bronze Age trade on the metal metal bars entirely as â€Å" The metals trade would hold differed considerable in volume and organisation in different parts, depending on locally available resources, geographics, established trade paths, local metallurgical engineering, and assorted societal and political factors. † ( Jones, 2007, 3 ) The most direct grounds for an analysis of early trade comes from Tell el Amarna. The three-hundred-eighty-two clay tabular arraies found within the metropolis, where records of elusive communicating with foreign powers. These clay tablets provide grounds that the function of the metal metal bars in the development of long-distance trade in metals varied over clip. Howev er they provide no grounds for the beginnings of Sn and Cu which suggest that they must hold been imported from states such as Cyprus. Cyprus is by and large known for its laterality within the Cu production. â€Å" This historical state of affairs is well-known among Cypriot and Mediterranean archeologists, and the Cu ingots represent the terminal merchandise of a complex procedure affecting the excavation, smelting and casting of Cu. â€Å" ( Knapp, Kassianidou, Donnelly, 2001, 204 ) However this ‘historical state of affairs ‘ was really complex and ill understood. Nevertheless the grounds shows that the Cypriots played a dominant function within the Cu industry. Sites, such as the Troodos Mountains in western and cardinal Cyprus, contained the largest measure of Cu ore in the Mediterranean ; therefore becomes an of import beginning within the Cu metallurgy in the Late Cypriot societies. Other sites in Cyprus were besides important in understanding the Cu metallurgy. By the Late Cypriot period ( c.1400-1100B.C. ) many sites became affluent regional Centres ; sites such as Enkomi, Hala Sultan Tekke, Kition and several other colonies. These metropoliss were of import in understanding trade, due to their part in Cu production and export. These metropoliss nevertheless, did non bring forth any paperss affecting trade like the castles ; a few Bronze Age letterings found called ‘Cypro-Minoan ‘ . These were undeciphered syllabic books which have been suggested to incorporate economic texts, votive letterings, or for case the clay balls from Enkomi and Kition contained short fables. However a figure of archeologists believe that the map of these books is yet to be known. Nonetheless epigraphers suggested that these texts show marks from a Cypro-Minoan alphabet, which may be identified on trade points such as the Cypriot and Mycenaean clayware and a assortment of oxhide metal bars. This connexion between the books and the goods has late been well-established. Equally of import as Cyprus was within the Cu production, archaeologists struggled to bring out grounds for Bronze Age smelting activities. Virtually all the scoria sedimentations discovered on the excavation countries dated to periods after the Bronze Age. â€Å" While more grounds for Middle and Late Cypriot Cu excavation and metallurgical production is available today, unluckily this grounds is by and large fragmental and hard to construe. † ( Jones, 2007, 6 ) However, the led isotope analysis proved to be really successful and accurate, as it measured the stable isotopes of lead utilizing a mass spectrometer in order to qualify peculiar samples. This method severally measured the samples ‘ radioactive concentration harmonizing to the geological age of the lead ores. This analysis would supply archeologists with near-conclusive grounds that Cypriot Cu was exported on a important graduated table. The chemical and metallographic analysis show high measures of pre Cu within the oxhide metal bars. This analysis suggests a high demand and production for Cu in the Bronze Age. Another of import facet of Bronze Age trade were the shipwreck finds, particularly those found at Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya. Each of these shipwrecks provide of import information for the nature and organisation of the Cu trade within the period of 1300-1200B.C. The Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya ladings contained the largest measures of Cu metal bars, particularly Uluburun which about contained over 10 dozenss of Cu and one ton of Sn metal bars. The three-hundred and 54 metal bars found within this lading exceed old ladings found on land and on submerged sites. Other important goods found within the Uluburun lading include a big figure of glass metal bars, about one ton of terebinth rosin in Canaanite jars, Cypriot clayware in several pithoi, and a broad assortment of luxury goods plus other points such as the personal ownerships of the crew and riders which bordered the ship. These goods were besides notable as they are an indicant for directional trade ; points such as the Nefertit i Scarabaeus sacer. On the other manus the Cape Gelidonya ship is significantly different. This complete digging contained in its vessel 34 complete Cu oxhide ingots every bit good as other ingot types. The Cape Gelidonya ship seems to hold a lower position that the Uluburun ship as it was a great trade smaller in size that the Uluburun ship and the goods it contained and transported have a lower value. These shipwrecks raise a figure of theories which are of import in understanding Bronze Age trade. How important was the position of the goods found within the ladings? Are the smaller ladings, for case the one found at Cape Gelidonya, more typical that the larger 1s? How common was the transit of the Cu and Sn metal bars? How does this alter our position on the Bronze Age trade? This inquiry besides applies to land-based transit. The most appropriate would be that the production and circulation of metals occurred in several different ways to one another. However this response is really by and large used, as there are a figure of possibilities to differences between Cu and Sn metal bars. However the most dominant accounts are the fluctuations of trade mechanisms, the geological and geographical factors, the societal organisation of societies involved and the utilizations to which the metals were employed. These are a few of the accounts used to assist us associate Cu and Sn metal bar s to Bronze Age trade and let us to understand the differences between each metal bar. Furthermore we could now do the theory that by analyzing these metal bars in deepness would let us to acknowledge the trade paths within the Mediterranean. There are a scope of grounds which describe the trade and production of Cu, Sn and other metals in the Bronze Age. The most common are the textual grounds of Tell el Amarna, Mesopotamia, Aegean, Syria-Palestine and Anatolia. However the iconographic grounds is besides of equal importance as several civilizations such as the Egyptians, Cypriots and Mycenaean ‘s represented their oxhide metal bars in pictural signifiers. These â€Å" Representations of oxhide metal bars demonstrate a cultural group ‘s acquaintance with Cu metal bars in this signifier and therefore their entree to interregional trade paths connected with the beginning or beginnings of Cu used to do oxhide metal bars. † ( Jones, 2007, 9 ) Iconographic grounds such as the pictures and reliefs found at Sahure ‘s burial temple represent the ships ‘ crews. This provides information on the ship ‘s beginning and information on the different foreign groups involved within the Mediterranean t rade.

Gay Marriage Rights essays

Gay Marriage Rights essays Gay rights have been an issue for many years. Although there is much progress being made on the discrimination of gays, one issue still remains: marriage. Society has become more accepting of same sex marriages, however they are still illegal in Canada. This report will discuss the laws in various countries which affect same sex marriages, as well as personal opinions, status of laws, cases, and the first gay marriage in Canada. In Canada, there are two laws prohibiting same sex couples from obtaining a marriage license. These are the Ontario Marriage Act and The Federal Marriage Act. The Federal Marriage Act specifically restricts marriage to one man and one woman. In other words, gays can still get married, just not to each other. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that a person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. This is very contradictory considering our laws on marriage. In addition, the Supreme Court of Canada has ruled repeatedly that individuals in Canada cannot be discriminated against on the basis of their sexual orientation. Therefore, it is upheld that gays should not be discriminated against, but the laws do clearly discriminate by taking away certain rights that heterosexuals are entitled to. Another example of a possible law is Bill S-9. Bill S-9 is currently in its first reading. It states: Marriage has the meaning declared in 1866 decision of Hyde v. Hyde in the Courts of Probate and Divorce in the United Kingdom, and as understood in sections 91 and 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867, being a voluntary union of one man and one woman as husband and wife to the exclusion of all others. (CITE) Similarly in the United States, Bill Clinton signed Defense of Marriage Act (1996).This act states that marriage is a legal union of one man and one woman as husband and wife (CITE) So far it seems as If our laws pertaining to same sex marriages are still outdated, and are ...

Planning Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Planning Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 - Essay Example Also, it helps in substantiating the pros and con's involved. Through this research, other important factors will be pointed out and discussed as well. 2 An example of one of the con's of this new plan is related to the extra expense taxpayers will possibly have to bear. Funding has to come from somewhere and though it can be found in many government structures, many times the taxpayers are often the ones left with the brunt of the costs through various taxation implementations. From here the studied research will move on into how it can possibly provide a pro benefit for claimants of land and property with regard to various executions by the government for claiming land in developing. Relief compensation can sometimes be provided. There is an implied con to this as well though. Taxation falls onto the owners of land as well and sometimes the compensation they receive from the Government for entitlement to utilize their property is eaten away by taxation in capital and local forms. S o with this initial information presented thus far, this research will attempt to verify who it will be that will struggle the most (which is seeming to be taxpayers) and who will reap the most reward out of this new legislative act. All of this will be presented with a steadfast focus on the earth and the natural balance of the environment. RUNNING HEAD: THE NEW PLANNING COMPULSORY AND PURCHASE ACT OF 2004 As has been stated, there are a multitude of varying views with regards to the new Planning Compulsory Purchase Act of 2004. There are also quite a number of pro's associated and some con's as well, mainly the cons falling into an area of delay with construction and expansion procedures. The Governments' intention is to have the developers understand that, by this implementation of new developmental structure, taking the place of the old one, they will have more capabilities of deciding factors, of their own accord. The Government claims that this new plan will allow for speedier expediting in the decision making process within the areas of growth, development, and expansion (The Journal 2004, p.1). On the flip side of the issue, there are those who tend to think it will create a hindrance with regard to significant delays due to secondary legislation protocols whilst including other delaying issues as well (Johnson 2004, p.1). In expanding upon this view, it takes the approval of subsidiary legislation to provide the equipment and to locate funding necessary to create many of the developmental reforms being anticipated. The delays could occur due to the fact that quite a few of the implemented ideas for this new Act are still awaiting approval. One of these happens to be an alternative plan to fulfill the spot where the old agreement in Section 106 was. 3 The new idea involves a planning tariff implementation that has not been put into action as yet. Unfortunately, this idea will more than likely, not take place this year which could create some misconceptions in regards to claimants and permission to develop on their

Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Malcolm X - Essay Example A. Emotional/mental trauma The film portrays the emotional/mental trauma felt by Malcolm "Detroit Red" Little (later known as Malcolm X) in his personal life. One can easily identify that the grass root level reason behind his earlier life as criminal was the problems in his personal life. One can see that untimely death of his father affected his development as a child. Besides, his mother’s status as a single parent eventually led to metal illness and its after-effects. So, emotional/mental trauma felt by Malcolm is the integral part of the film. B. Crime Crime is not the main theme of the film because the film aims to unveil Malcolm’s transformation from a criminal to a religious reformer and a leader. But Malcolm’s earlier life was interconnected with crime and incarceration. So, the director did not neglect Malcolm’s earlier life as a criminal. Reynolds points out that â€Å"The film moves back and forth in time, showing how the brutality affecting M alcolm’s family history is internalized through his transformation into â€Å"Red† the gangster† (64). To be specific, economic problems forced him to lead the life of a criminal. For instance, in the film, Malcolm and his friend conducted a robbery, which ultimately led them towards incarceration. C. Racism The director makes use of an indirect way to introduce the theme of racism in the film. Malcolm’s life in the prison, especially his friend’s influence, is significant in educating him on racism. But Baines (Malcolm’s friend) utilizes the chance to attract him towards Islamic faith, not to fight against racism and related issues. In the end, Malcolm was ready to change his views on racism because religious conversion did not help him to solve his problems. D. Religious perspective Malcolm’s transformation from a criminal to a religious leader did not help him much to reform his community. To be specific, his transformation as the m ember of the Nation of Islam and the follower of Elijah Muhammad limited his scope as a social reformer. For instance, his views on racism were influenced by Islamic ideology. In the film, his increased influence among the members of the Nation of Islam forced Elijah Muhammad to turn against him in the end. Character sketches Malcolm X, Betty X, Baines and Elijah Muhammad are the most important characters in the film. A. Malcolm X (Denzel Washington): Malcolm X is the protagonist of the film and almost all the characters revolve around this character. Besides, the protagonist’s transformation from a criminal to a religious/ social reformer is the most important factor behind the development of the plot. Lee provides ample importance to the character of Malcolm because this character represents the historical development of religious/ social reformation in the mainstream society. B. Betty X (Angela Bassett  ) In the film, Betty X is Malcolm X’s wife. But she does not have any particular influence upon her husband. Her role in the film is overshadowed by Malcolm’s character. From a different angle of view, Malcolm’s wife is entrapped within her domestic domain. Within this context, her role was to look after her children, not to influence her husband. In some situations, she acted the role of a medium for Malcolm to communicate with his followers. For instance, when he was in Mecca, he used his wife as a

First of all i would like you to choose for me the name of famouse Essay

First of all i would like you to choose for me the name of famouse companies has crisis such BP just example i would like to ch - Essay Example It will provide all information regarding the problems faced by the company. The problems were more internal than external due to which a company that was claimed to be the world leader sometimes was been seen with an eye of doubt by its stakeholders and the consumers. The report will also highlight the major issues the company had with its products and the steps taken by the company to rise from this set back. The company gives a good example of how any organization needs stability and consistent approach of quality in its products. Also, it highlights that the work of its employees is not only on the functioning of the processes but also there is a responsibility they hold towards their own customers and stakeholders who wants to know a clear picture of the company. They are the ones who need more communication and to build this picture in front of them, it is recommended to work constantly in this direction. Overview of the company and the issues faced Mattel is considered once th e leader in the toy company in the whole world. Mattel was introduced as a garage workshop. It origins in 1945 in Southern California. The products is brought in early 80’s include match box, custom motors, Polly, barbie, casketball queen, battle force and monster high, and game consoles. It also found its space in the list of 500 largest industrial companies (Torget, 2002) Mattel won the title of being in the first 100 of "100 Best Corporate Citizens" Mattel is currently operating in more than fourty three nations with a huge work force of 31,000 people which is also and approximation with its headquarter in EL Segundo in California, United states of America. It is very great to hear that it is selling globally in more than 150 countries and since then expanding. Mattel claims many crowns due to the innovative work. One of them is "World's Most Ethical Companies." (Mattel, 2011). It is now a world leader due to the huge success and innovative ideas it has bring with it. With the introduction and success of Barbie in the year 1980’s it conquered the world leadership. Like various leaders in the world market, Mattel has attracted media due to its high growth and influence on the market. It also somewhere led to consumer distrust. Further, Mattel came into highlights when it started outsourcing its processes which also means loss of hundreds of American jobs to Asian nations due to cost. It also led to the moment of human rights organizations to take action against Mattel. But Mattel was consistent in telling the outside world, the investors and stakeholders that is it growing and there are no problems with its functioning but the inside story was something else which was highlighted to the outside world in the early years of 1994 (Morgenson, 1999). Next decision which turned down the trust of investors was turning to mergers and acquisitions for growth. The buying of Companies named Tyco Toys Inc, Pleasant Company, Bluebird Toys PLC maker of Polly Pocket and Learning Company. All the companies were bought at unusual high prices then the company‘s annual sales (Morgenson, 1999). In 2000’s, in view of taking the recovery actions towards transparency and corporate social Responsibility, Mattel started taking moves in the direction of regaining the trust and confidence among its consumers and investors. With that the operations team was also working judiciously to manage and bring up the

The 2010 Annual Report of PSA Peugeot Citroen Essay

The 2010 Annual Report of PSA Peugeot Citroen - Essay Example AMF is the French regulator or the counterpart of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the US. Its role therefore in the development of financial reporting in France would be the same as SEC. It is tasked along with SEC to develop principles on cooperation in the supervision of markets and market participants whose operations cross international borders (Casey, 2010). In the US, SEC adopts the issuance of FASB’s on accounting standards on financial reporting and so with the same reason that AMF will give the legal force by accounting standards set by the standard-setting board in France. The AMF was established with the task of ensuring or protecting public savings invested in financial instruments as well all other investment that would result or metalize in a public offering. It also has supervision of the prepared financial information as conveyed to investors. It has, therefore, is the purpose of effectively promoting the proper running of financial markets. Its contribution to France regulation of these markets extends in European and international level (International Monetary Fund, 2005). The European Union’s Fourth Directive allows four income statements format. Explain the structure of PSA Peugeot Citroen’s income statement on page 204 in terms of the options allowed under the Fourth Directive and IAS 1. In addition to AMF, the European Union’s Fourth Directive can affect how PSA should present is financial report to users. The said directive, in particular, allows four income statements format. Explaining the structure of PSA Peugeot Citroen’s income statement on page 204 in terms of the options allowed under the Fourth Directive and IAS 1 could give an insight how to interpret PSA’ financial statements for 2010. The structure of the company’s income statement on page 204 appears to be consistent with options allowed under Article 25 of the Fourth Directive of the EU (EUR.Lex, 2011). The format under Article 25 starts with turnover, which must be reduced by the cost of sales, to get the gross profit loss.